While long-lasting antipsychotics (LLA) were specifically developed to address the problem of adherence in patients with chronic psychiatric disorders, their role in pediatric populations is not clear. Xavier Benarus et al. conducted a systematic review to assess the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of LLA. 

Case reports/series presented positive therapeutic outcomes in noncompliant youths with severe mental illness. Three open-label one-arm studies supported the clinical efficacy of risperidone long-acting injection in patients previously stabilized with oral risperidone. One study showed lower clinical symptoms and higher functioning at 12 months in youths treated for an acute psychotic episode with paliperidone palmitate compared to oral risperidone.